We conclude that the concentrations of both pharmaceuticals and OCPs in sediments of this urban river are relatively lower than existing literature however, these can still be of environmental concern to aquatic organisms. Significant positive correlations between OCPs and sediment properties (organic matter, silt, and clay) suggest that sediments are a major sink of various contaminants in the Alafia River. Conclusions The variability in detection and concentrations of legacy and new compounds in rural and urban stream sediments is likely due to the different magnitude of input sources, site characteristics, and chemical properties of individual compounds. While acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, lidocaine, and nicotine were detected in −1) than pharmaceuticals (sum 0.5-61.9 ng g−1) in sediments are probably due to the historic use of OCPs since these were banned for use in the USA in the 1970s, while pharmaceuticals are still used. Results and discussion Three most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in sediments were carbamazepine (100 % of samples), trimethoprim (89 % of samples), and pseudoephedrine (63 % of samples). Materials and methods Bed sediments (0-10 cm) collected from rural and urban sub-basins of the Alafia River were analyzed for OCPs and pharmaceuticals using standard gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Purpose Sediments from a rural to urban gradient along the Alafia River in Florida, USA, were collected to determine the risk of environmental contamination with legacy (organochlorine pesticides (OCPs)) and new contaminants (pharmaceuticals).
The good agreement of model results with field data suggests that the estimation of unquantified or missing SGDs in the spring-fed estuary is reasonable. Both have shown that the LAMFE model performs well in simulating hydrodynamics, salinity transport, and thermal dynamics in the estuary. Skill assessment of the model performance included visual comparisons and statistical quantifications of the difference between measured real-time data and model results. The model was successfully calibrated against measured real-time data of water level, salinity, and temperature at three locations within the simulation domain from November 2012 to December 2015, before it was verified for the period from January 2016 to March 2017. This study tried to make a reasonable estimate of some unquantified or missing SGD data with a trial-and-error approach in the model calibration process. The river is a narrow and complex riverine system that receives submarine groundwater discharges (SGDs), which are difficult to measure.
#Alafia river flesh water or saltwater verification
This paper presents calibration and verification of the laterally averaged model for estuaries (LAMFE) for the Chassahowitzka River, a spring-fed estuary located on the Gulf coast of central Florida, USA.
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